A Goal isn’t a Finish Line

I was going over some productivity numbers with a long term client.

“Remember when our goal for this was 2000 man hours?” he said. “Now we are below 1200, and closing in on 1100, and with greater volume!”

Everywhere we looked his numbers were at levels we couldn’t have imagined 10 years ago. I don’t mean numbers he couldn’t have hit back then, but numbers we literally couldn’t have imagined. Some of it is the result of investments in technology, in better systems and in training.Most of it, however, is because he has developed a culture of always, always looking for the next improvement.

Note well that I said he has developed a culture. This business has about 100 employees. As the owner, he knows full well that he is not capable of setting a target and dragging every one of those 100 people to it. He has developed an expectation, at least among his management, that arriving at a goal is merely setting the starting point for the next goal.

I’ve been thinking about how unusual that is.For most small business owners goals are a normal part of managing our companies. Sales goals, production goals, efficiency goals. We work hard to make them, set employee incentives around them, and celebrate when we achieve them. But very few of us start immediately on the next goal. We want to give our people (and ourselves) a break. We are programmed to let people enjoy the achievement; to rest a bit before we start again.

I commented on how unusual it is to have built an organization where the key people look at a goal as merely proof that they can do what they set out to do, and automatically start thinking about what they can focus on next. He smiled, and related a story.

Last week one of his managers had a performance review with an employee. Not surprisingly, performance reviews are a normal and regular part of their business culture. They aren’t avoided, late, skipped or glossed over. They are an expected part of the manager’s job. They, too, have evolved over the years. They are more frequent and more detailed than they used to be.

This employee had been doing a good job. He was dependable, and skilled at his duties. He was an important part of the team, and handled his area of responsibility without problems. None the less, his supervisor had identified a half dozen areas where there was room for improvement. These were listed as goals, with a time frame for their accomplishment.

The employee didn’t object to the content of the goals. He was very unhappy that they existed at all. I’ve done everything you ever asked.” he exclaimed. “I am here every day. I cover all my responsibilities to the letter. I’ve hit every target you’ve ever given me. But you people are never happy. You always want more. I’m tired of it.”

He resigned.

Replacing him wasn’t going to be easy. Training another employee for his responsibilities would take considerable time and effort. The supervisor was faced with a choice between keeping a position covered well, or starting all over with someone new. It wasn’t really a choice. The supervisor informed his manager that the position would be weaker for some time while a new person was brought up to speed. Allowing an employee to opt out of the culture of improvement simply wasn’t an option.

How many of us have the courage to push our employees past “good enough?” How many have given our subordinates the license to tell us that they need to take a step back before they can take two steps forward? In my presentation on “The 7 Sins of an Entrepreneur” we talk about the sin of Sloth as settling for good enough, because the alternative just takes too much effort. Settling for good enough launches a creeping decay in you business. If one employee can hold a position because he or she is just good enough, then why not two? Why not all of them? Eventually you wind up with a company where everything is merely good enough.

The Japanese call it Kaizan, the constant push for improvement. Americans want to take big leaps. We look for giant increases, then fall back until we marshal our strength for another big push. Kaizan is the discipline of looking at everything, all the time, to see how it could be better.

Building a culture where a goal becomes not the finish line but a starting point, takes time and consistency. It isn’t easy but the results, like the progression of the goals themselves, are incredible.

You probably figured this out already, but this company enjoys a level of profitability that most people in their industry would consider impossible to achieve. They, however, consider it a baseline for their next goal.

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No! No! Bad employee! No!

A very successful plaintiff’s attorney once told me that there were two keys to getting a settlement in a class action product liability suit.

The first was to find the smoking gun. Somewhere, an employee had told someone not to engage the safety, not to install the part, or not to buy the protective coating because it cost too much. Email is wonderful for such cases, since now you can mine through thousands of ill-advised comments that don’t disappear when someone hits “delete.”

The second key is to get the ear of an executive above the one who created the smoking gun, and who has some decision making authority. This is tougher than it sounds. The one who created the problem is highly motivated to contain it, and is probably telling his superiors “Don’t worry, I’ve got it handled.” The higher execs aren’t inclined to let a litigator go around their own internal containment, or to voluntarily become the new point of contact in a lawsuit.

If you can get the audience, however, he said that it was usually the end of the suit. You say something like “Did you realize that your managers were sending written instructions telling the technicians to disconnect the safety?” There is a pause, and the executive says something like. “Oh my God. I can’t believe it. How much will this cost to settle?”

I was thinking of this the other day when National Public Radio ran a story about BP’s legal department going around Mississippi offering fisherman $5,000 to sign away their legal rights to damages.Of course the slant of the reporting was that BP was a nasty giant oil company trying to dupe poor ignorant fisherman.

Do you really think that BP, scrambling in London or Brussels or wherever in an attempt to contain the damage, was plotting to shake down shrimpers in Biloxi? With a hundred million bucks a day going out the door, and CNN running the mug shots of their rig 24/7, was there a corporate decision to fleece the little guy for a few grand?

Of course not. There was probably some mid-level bozo in a regional office who thought he could make points towards promotion by “showing some initiative.” Moron.

Small business owners envy big corporations, where there is somebody assigned to do everything; but sometimes it may not be all that great.

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Accountability vs. Guilt

While discussing oil rig disaster in the Golf Of Mexico the other day a friend exclaimed “Someone needs to go to jail for this!”

While I understand his anger about the massive economic and environmental damage involved, his comment illustrates the assumption we so often make about any problem. If it is big enough, then someone needs to be punished proportionately. That isn’t always the case.

Of course, we will have the “perp walk” in congress. I’m sure the executives of British Petroleum will be called to grovel in front of a Congressional subcommittee. Like the CEOs of Toyota, GM and Goldman Sachs, they will be chastised for allowing something so terrible to happen. But that doesn’t mean it’s any one’s fault.

Drilling is a dangerous activity. The gas pressure bubble that blew through the rig is a normal occurrence in that business. Blowout preventers are installed for just such events. They may have been defective, or installed incorrectly, but there are also a bunch of reasons why they could have failed even if everything was done right.

There are a lot of business owners who suffer from the same misconception- that because someone is accountable for a problem, that means they are guilty. An employee makes a poor decision that costs you a lot of money. You are understandably angry, and your first instinct is to punish him for being so stupid.

There are many reasons for making the wrong decision. If it is due to lack of training, lack of information, lack of checks, or lack of systems the employee could be accountable without being guilty. If it is due to lack of attention, or lack of care, then perhaps there should be penalties involved. Your anger shouldn’t result in punishment merely because you are in a position of power.

I know two business owners who have a lot of trouble with small tools. They are expensive, and disappear regularly. One punishes employees by having them sign a statement of responsibility, and docking their paycheck for every tool that has to be replaced. He accepts no excuses. The employees bring back broken tools for examination, and to get a sign-off exempting them from financial responsibility. They point fingers (” I lent it to Bob.”) They work without the necessary tools, hiding the fact that they are under-equipped to do the job right.

The other employer has a monthly amount set aside for each employee’s typical tool replacement. If at the end of the month the employee needs less than the budgeted allocation for missing or broken tools, the balance of the replacement budget is his to keep.

Which employer do you think has a lower tool replacement cost? One is teaching accountability, the other is punishing behavior. One has a crew that is always fully equipped. The other has employees spending time and energy hiding the problem.

The next time an employee causes you a problem, look forward, not backwards. The better solution is to determine how the problem can be avoided in the future. There is little point, and no profit, in punishing the past.

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Ready…Set…Wait? Leading Indicators and small business

In the last few weeks I’ve talked to a score of small business owners who say that things are improving for their companies. Several have been involved in trade shows that had record attendance. A few manufacturers are seeing a strong uptick in orders. Retailers are experiencing increased traffic.

We all know that the businesses who are positioned to move early in a growing market get the jump on those who aren’t, but how do you know whether this is the time to move? Most entrepreneurs behave like “retail” or individual investors in the stock market. They are too late into a bull market to capture most of the profitability, and too slow to get out in a down slide to avoid most of the losses.

The stock market professionals say that when huge volumes of retail money (from IRAs, 401Ks and other self-directed sources) begin pouring in, the rally is probably over. What worries me is that in the last 60 days I’ve met 5 people who told me they “didn’t need the income” from their job or business, because trading their personal portfolio was making them enough money to live on. They have apparently forgotten 2000. I know several successful individuals who would have retired years ago if they hadn’t been suckered into the tech bubble right at the end.

So do you start looking at expansion of your small business now, or wait until you are completely certain, and probably miss the bulk of the opportunity? How do you know when it is the right time to bet on the economy?

The first rule is to stop reading the newspaper, and turn off the financial news stations. For the vast majority of small business owners, what happens in “the economy” means nothing compared to what happens in your local market.

I have a client who owns a machine shop. Nationwide there is clearly a surplus of manufacturing employees. In our local market, a new plant by a big publicly traded corporation has begun recruiting. It doesn’t matter to my client whether manufacturing unemployment nationally  is 10% or 13% or 20%. Locally, there aren’t any skilled employees available. Would this be a smart time for him to cut wages or benefits? Of course not. Regardless of the national situation, he is in a dog fight for good workers.

Business owners need local measurements of what is happening in their industry. These are typically not published anywhere. You need to develop and track your own. Establish relationships with other business owners who are “upstream” of you in the food chain. They may not be a precise predictor, but they can give you a better idea of whether an uptick in business is an anomaly or a trend.

For example, a subcontractor to residential subdivision builders maintains a relationship with a civil engineering firm that serves the same market. While his contracts for home construction vary according to monthly sales, when the civil engineer starts platting whole new subdivisions the trend is longer term. The civil engineer talks to the real estate agents who represent large parcels. He wants to know when the residential developers are negotiating for new tracts of land. It doesn’t matter much to either of them what the national numbers are. They don’t do business nationally.

A fast-service restaurateur of light (frankly- hip) food follows approval of financing for new apartment complexes. An office furniture dealer tracks leasing rates. A pest control company tracks the backlog in residential sales. A cash register dealer tracks announcements of new retail centers.

Most small businesses thrive according to the skills of the owner. If you have 1% market share, you can grow to 2% market share and do well even in a shrinking market. Leading indicators can tell you when it is time to focus on taking existing business from competitors, and when it is time to put your efforts towards chasing new business.

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Penny wise

A client who provides Information Technology services to small and midi-sized clients was expressing frustration the other day. His company has a relationship with a business to support their employees’ technology needs. They were constantly delayed, however, by the network administrator’s buying process for new hardware. After all, how tough can it be? The company gets the specifications from the technology vendor; so much RAM, or this many ports, and the in-house IT guy goes online to search for the best deals.

Technology is one of those areas where we’ve come to accept commodity pricing as a fact of life. Most of us are aware of Moore’s law, that processing capabilities will double every nine months. Many small business owners also know that the trailing edge of current technology is adequate for our basic business needs. Why not save a hundred dollars just for investing an hour or two of an employee’s time?

Let’s say the netowrk administrator in question makes $60,000 a year, with normal benefits. Total cost to the employer is around $80,0000 annually. Subtract paid time off for vacation, sick leave and holidays and that employee works about 1,920 hours, for a real cost of $41.67 an hour. If he spends 2 hours to save $100, the net benefit to the company is less than 20 bucks.

If you add in the cost of another employee who is currently unproductive while working without a computer, or who is calling on the internal IT person for regular fixes, the savings goes negative in an eye blink. If that person uses even 30 minutes extra of outside technician’s time, the negative costs far outstrip any potential savings.

Ironically, the IT vendor also offers commodity pricing on hardware. Like most such companies, they make between 10% and 15% margin on basic computers, routers, firewalls and the like. For that amount the technician also gets a product he is familiar with, saving substantial time when he integrates it into the client’s system.

We trust our tech vendors with our two most important assets; our data and our employees’ productivity. They have more access to our proprietary information than our CPA, and are the key vendor whose errors could bring our employees to a shuddering halt. Why don’t we trust them to provide a low-margin commodity that they are most qualified to deliver?

Because we can. Because we started out buying our own technology when support companies were scarce, and we had to do it for ourselves. Because we all know that competitive pricing is out there. I just looked at my Sunday advertising supplements. Dell, Best Buy, Office Max, Staples and Office Depot have deals on computers. In a few weeks, when graduation gifts get hotter, Wal Mart, Target and Sears will jump in.

Here’s a news flash. None of those companies make only 15% margins. You wouldn’t trust them to make your employees more productive, or to keep your financial information secure. When was the last time you boasted about the price you paid for an employee’s new PC? Nobody cares, because it isn’t enough to make a difference.

Maybe it’s time we figured out that saving a hundred bucks on a piece of hardware isn’t a brilliant business decision.

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