Not Just Workers…Qualified Workers

A few weeks ago I attended one of Trinity University’s Policy Maker breakfasts. Although living in a large city has its drawbacks, it is great for access to events such as these. It takes substantial ticket sales to justify top-rank speakers, and Trinity’s series brings the best.

The speaker was Richard W. Fisher, immediate past President and CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, as well as almost 11 years on the Federal Open Market Committee, where he voted on monetary policy under Alan Greenspan, Ben Bernanke and Janet Yellen.

In Q&A time, I had the opportunity to ask how he could project robust growth over the next 20 years with the large number of Baby Boomers leaving the workforce and scaling back their consumerism.

Mr. Fisher had already warned the audience that he had no intention of making controversial or otherwise newsworthy statements, so his answer surprised me a bit.

He said that he remained confident that productivity gains through technology could offset much of the drop in workforce growth. The real problem, he said, was the failure of our educational system to prepare a generation of workers with the skills they need to succeed.

I’ve written previously about how small businesses are being saddled with the job of teaching young workers basic job skills. Just getting them to understand that cutting class doesn’t carry over into cutting work, that there are no unlimited extra credit assignments to make up for lack of effort, and that everyone doesn’t always get a passing grade, can be a real challenge.

Some years ago I employed a young Dutch woman who had come to the USA as a student in a top university. She also apparently had sufficient financial support that dropping out and taking a part-time job with me wasn’t a hardship. Eventually, more out of boredom than need, she enrolled again in the local state university.

She came to me one day to coordinate her class schedule with work for the semester. (I think it was her second half of sophomore year.) These were her courses:

  • Great Women in Architecture
  • Diversity in Art
  • The Sociology of Class Distinction
  • World Geography

I asked why she bothered going back to college if she wasn’t going to study anything that prepared her for a career. She laughed, and informed me that she was just catching up on the core courses required before she could declare any liberal arts major.

I’m sure each of those topics were interesting, and contributed to a well-rounded world view. What they contributed as far as preparation for the workplace, however, remains a mystery to me.

A recent survey of college students found 21% believe that the First Amendment to the Constitution should be modified to exclude free speech that is offensive.

A widely circulated essay on Vox.com expresses a liberal professor’s fear of violating the “safe place” of university learning by teaching offensive literature such as the writings of Mark Twain.

bright studentUniversities now publish their 6-year graduation rates (fewer than half graduate a majority of students in 4 years.) Students with failing grades receive almost daily emails as final exams loom, reminding them that they can drop classes without penalty (except, of course to their parents’ wallets — refunds aren’t offered.)

It may be helicopter parents, politically correct coursework or just a general corruption in the education system driven by billions in student loans that require no accountability. Whatever the cause or causes, a college education no longer seems to carry with it an assumption of career-readiness.

There are certainly many good colleges, and an excellent education is still a great beginning for a successful career. As an employer, however, I’ve long since stopped assuming that a six-figure degree is, by itself, any sort of qualification for a job.

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2 Responses to Not Just Workers…Qualified Workers

  1. Ray Walker says:

    Just the same in the UK. Worthless degrees lack of preparation for work, no motivation to work, the millenia of Chinese domination is upon us.

  2. Martin Frey says:

    I find the information you shared today accurate and frightening from a sociological and economic standpoint. This is clearly seen in the current news where college students seem to have no idea of reality beyond the campus. I see myself as very blessed that my adult children are the opposite of their generation in this regard. They are 28 and 30 years old and earn between $120K and $250K per year and save and invest most of it. When I grow up I want to be more like my children.

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The Quest for Recurring Revenue

Recurring revenue is the current Holy Grail of business. Barriers to Entry, a traditional way of assessing your differentiation against competition, have been replaced by Barriers to Exit, how to make it at least inconvenient or at most excruciatingly painful for your customer to leave you.

In John Warrillow’s new book The Automatic Customer, he describes nine methods for converting almost any business to a subscription model. His logic (and it is very sound) is that recurring revenue is more attractive to any business buyer, and garners higher valuations for the company.

printing moneySome of these have been around for a long time. His Consumables Model example is Dollar Shave Club. That’s clearly an Internet updating of the strategy Proctor and Gamble’s Gillette has employed for over 100 years. Sell a customer a razor at low margin, and make it up on the long-term blade purchases. (In fact, you can now join the Gillette Shave Club.)

We probably were most awakened to the possibilities of web subscription by the conversion to Software As A Service (SAAS). When was the last time you went to Best Buy or Office Depot to buy a box of software?

Also, Millennials (now about half the workforce) and GenXers have been raised on the concept of “buy now, pay as you use it.”  Their college educations, cars, furnishings, electronics, vacations and clothing are bought on credit and paid for in installments. There is a certain logic in applying the concept almost universally. A pay check today is valued by the number of payments it can cover.

John’s other models all lean, in part or entirely, on using the World Wide Web to collect and serve customers. Some of his models are “pure” web plays, and some use web-based subscription to improve service, offer a special deal, or move a customer into a select group. Amazon Prime is probably the best-know example of a retailer who has successfully implemented subscription selling.

What if you are a business owner who doesn’t see a web-based subscription opportunity? Commercial contractors, restaurants and grocery stores all come to mind. Each could probably devise some recurring revenue model (follow up inspection of buildings, dinner reservation priority, milk/bread/eggs delivered regularly) but there is a real question as to whether the cost of implementation would produce a return.

Every business should consider a strategy for creating recurring customers. If one doesn’t occur to you, however, repeat customers are the next best thing. Doing the job right, charging fairly and standing behind your product still counts. That’s true whether they buy via subscription or not.

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One Response to The Quest for Recurring Revenue

  1. I am striving to achieve different recurring revenue streams over time, so I will check out the book, The Automatic Customer by John Warrillow.

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When a Customer Outgrows You

There is nothing that quite matches the excitement of landing your first really big customer. It often brings with it the confidence that comes with knowing, really knowing, that you can compete in the big leagues. There could be the added security of a baseline of business that permits longer-term planning. Even if you had to squeeze your normal margins a bit, the additional cash flow is worth it.

When you land a customer who is many times larger than you are, the disparity in size can be a trap. If the customer is ten times your size, a 5% growth in their business might mean a 50% growth in yours.

suit too bigEvery owner says that his or her company will grow in other areas to avoid being overly dependent on one account. In reality, just keeping up may be as much as their business can handle. Even if the customer is understanding of the small suppliers’ issues (not, for instance, demanding extended payment terms or exclusivity,) there are other challenges.

Larger customers may require more documentation, quality certifications, or compliant computer systems. They expect sufficient inventory to meet short-term surges in demand, and could ask for more visibility into financial statements than you would normally be comfortable with.

Does that mean small vendors should avoid chasing giant customers? Not at all. Most of the small start ups that I know who achieved mid-market levels (over $50 million in revenue) got there by riding one really large customer for some period. Eventually they grew up enough to attract a few more big players. There was risk, but the owners never lost sight of the long term benefits.

Eventually, they learned enough about how big organizations purchase and manage vendors to make themselves attractive to others. It was a wild ride, and not everyone comes out well in every such relationship, but the risk can be more than worth it.

If you like “Awake at 2 o’clock,” please share it with another business owner.

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Is Your Business in the “Neutral Zone?”

As Baby Boomers business owners approach retirement (the youngest of them turned 50 this year) they face a unique challenge. The market for small businesses is increasingly a buyer’s smorgasbord A shrinking middle-aged population, corporate competition for talent and less interest in the long hours associated with many traditional small businesses combine to make selling many Boomer enterprises a more difficult proposition.

The best-of-class companies on both the smaller and larger end of the spectrum will still stand out as appealing propositions to buyers. On the main street side (companies selling for less than $3 million or so) there are still plenty of aspiring entrepreneurs who seek a lucrative opportunity.

The mid-market (companies with over $1 million of pre-tax income) has more money chasing fewer target prospects. Current estimates calculate over $1.6 trillion (about the GDP of Japan) allocated by Private Equity Groups and corporate M&A departments for purchasing those businesses.

stuck in betweenWhat about the companies in the middle? As in the Star Trek “Neutral Zone,” the place where neither the Federation nor the Romulans travel, these businesses have a special challenge when their owners seek to transition, and especially when they want to exit with the value of what they’ve built.

A generic history of these Neutral Zone companies applies to thousands of them. A Boomer entrepreneur bootstrapped a business thirty years ago. Badly undercapitalized, he or she struggled for years to make a decent living. As time passed, a four decade long expanding economy, driven by the influx of workers and consumers from the same generation, helped to grow the business until it provided a comfortable living.

Now in their 50s or 60s, those owners have achieved their life goals. Their labors have resulted in an enterprise that employs between 15 and 50 people, and puts between 300,000 and a million dollars to the bottom line above and beyond their own salaries. Compared to 95% of Americans, they are “rich.”

But they are too big to sell easily in the small business (main street) markets, and too small to attract mid-market buyers. They are in the Neutral Zone.

In main street sales (as I’ve explained here before) solid companies sell for an upper limit of around three times the pre-tax profit combined with the owner’s salary and benefits. As that pricing exceeds $3 million, and certainly above $4 million, it becomes difficult to find an individual entrepreneur who can leverage that purchase price.

In the mid-market, where the cost of a transaction limits targets to those with $1 million and more in EBITDA, many Neutral Zone owners would have to grow the business by 30% to 70% just to make the entry level numbers.

A Boomer entrepreneur who is in the “harvesting” phase of business ownership; enjoying the benefits that come from decades of dedication to the business, is often not interested in another big push. It may require more investment, more risk, and probably a lot more effort.

He or she built the company with a belief that it would fund a certain post-business lifestyle upon sale. Now they are finding out that a well run organization with solid and sustained profitability may not be enough.

I typically work with between 15 and 25 of these owners at any given time. For many, the solution can be to “hire a buyer.” Their companies are financially capable of recruiting top management talent. That talent should first be capable of taking the day-to-day management duties from the owner, but in addition, be entrepreneurial enough to eventually assume ownership in turn.

The secret to realizing the full value of a Neutral Zone company may not lie in bringing it up to another level (or, perish the thought, down to a lower level) of prospective buyers. Instead, consider using the organizational strength and profitability you’ve created to engineer an internal sale on your own terms, in your own time, and under your control.

 

Do you enjoy “Awake at 2 o’clock?” Please share it with other business owners.

Posted in Building Value, Entrepreneurship, Exit Options, Exit Planning, Exit Strategies, Leadership | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | 2 Comments

2 Responses to Is Your Business in the “Neutral Zone?”

  1. Clint says:

    Thanks John. Interesting what the future will hold for these businesses…Buying businesses for millions of dollars seems like pie in the sky for most of us Xers or Millennials. I totally agree with the “hire a buyer” future. When I told my boomer boss that I may be interested in opportunity for buying I think he woke up a bit and has started me on an upper mgmt ladder. I call this Intrapreneurship and have even started a community at http://www.IntrapreneurOnline.com where we IPRs can share our wins, grow and help each other. Maybe it will even turn into a place for nurturing these “hire a buyer”s.
    Thanks again,
    Clint.

  2. TKO Miller says:

    Great article, thanks for sharing! We\’ve written a blog post on why 2017 is the perfect time for baby boomers to consider selling their businesses. Read it here: https://www.tkomiller.com/blog/baby-boomers-and-business-owners-2017-is-your-year

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Police Deadly Force and Management

The outcry over the use of deadly force by police officers has dominated headlines. Ferguson Missouri, New York City, Virginia, Texas, Florida. Although incidents involving unarmed black men have dominated the headlines, the total number of deaths by law enforcement action, over 800 in the year to date, seems an astonishingly high number.

I think part of the problem is that police officers have fewer options for either self-protection or for subduing a suspect. They have to use deadly force, because they’ve been prohibited from other kinds in the name of protecting the citizenry.

Funny shore patrolMy dad was a Special Cop. That meant he had another full time job, but was trained in law enforcement (Navy Shore Patrol) and would work for a local department part time. Usually it was for big holidays or events.

When he put on a uniform, he was indistinguishable from a regular, full-time patrolman. His identification said he was a policeman, and he carried a gun. He also carried a nightstick.

In one town where we lived (Oakland NJ), there was a riverfront picnic and event property called Pleasureland. Since we were only about an hour from New York City, and there wasn’t much in the way of corporate amusement parks, it was a popular booking for union members’ family picnics.

Frequently there was more than one such event on the same day. The steelworkers and the bricklayers, for example, showed up in the summer heat and drank a lot of beer. Not surprisingly, someone would take offense at something a rival union member said or did, and his brothers-in-trade would rush to his defense. Melees of several score, and sometimes several hundred, weren’t uncommon.

No one was ever shot by an officer. In fact, Dad often said that he would prefer not to carry a gun, since he had no intention of using it on some family guy with a few too many drinks in him. He did allow, however, that it was useful for pulling the holster around in front to protect his private parts.

Instead, he employed his trusty hickory nightstick. I remember his description of breaking up the brawls. “Just keep it low. Never bring it above your shoulder where someone might grab it. No matter how big or how drunk a guy is, a good whack in the knee will take all the fight out of him.”

Unfortunately, nightsticks have become more associated with head cracking (bad form) in civil rights protests. “Police brutality” lawsuits have relegated the nightstick to the same fate as the thumbscrew and the rack. (BTW- those extendable batons that have taken their place, unless you know martial arts, are of limited value against anyone who is really intent on hurting you.)

Police are left with guns. Faced with a threat, they draw their weapon. In a really serious or chaotic situation, there aren’t many options after that.

We could accept a few broken knees as an alternative to shootings, but that is considered brutal. Police officers aren’t paid to lose. (Another frequent saying of my Dad’s). Now they are left without many in-between measures to take control without pulling a trigger.

How does this apply to management? Business owners hold the “deadly force” card in any employment relationship. They can fire someone. Experienced managers know that you don’t draw that weapon unless you really mean to use it, but many with less seasoning fall back on termination threats because they seem big and scary. They think they are using their power of position to correct a behavior.

“If you are late one…more…time, I’ll fire you!” OK. We all understand that coming in an hour late tomorrow means termination. What about next month? Six months from now? Is five minutes late enough to get fired? Fifteen? What if I have a job where I can just work faster and catch up? What if I am your top performer the rest of the time?

Make sure your managers have a nightstick; a clear and simple way to mete out corrective action without resorting to the big threat. It will make their jobs a lot easier, and probably help to keep some decent employees.

Please share Awake at 2 o’clock with other business owners. Thanks

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5 Responses to Police Deadly Force and Management

  1. Kyle Whale says:

    So what are some examples of “nightsticks”?

    • John F. Dini says:

      Sorry, I guess even the term is antiquated. A piece of hickory, cured and hardened, round (about 1.5 to 1.75 inches in diameter) and about 30 inches long. Longer than a Billy club, harder than a truncheon. Grooved handle for a good grip, with a strong leather thong for wrapping around your wrist. Formerly standard issue for every police officer in the country. Later “improved” with a second handle that came out 90 degrees from the side about 1/4 of the way up, but my dad never cared for those.

      • Russ Ronnebaum says:

        I don’t want to put words in Kyle’s mouth but I think he might have been referring to a “nightstick” in the context of what examples of a “corrective action” to mete out to an employee instead of the big threat of “deadly force” that results in termination.

        • John F. Dini says:

          Oh. Duh! Thanks Russ. A structured system of progressive discipline gives supervisors the ability to assign penalties without being accused of arbitrariness. Docked pay, deferred raises, forfeiting PTO (which in most states is only controlled by company policy), exclusion from an incentive pool and suspension are all options, but the supervisor needs to understand what is available and when it is appropriate.

  2. Chris White says:

    Perhaps some commercial examples might illustrate the point?
    1. Most serious examples short of termination might include probationary status, docking pay, demotion.
    2. Less serious examples might include a letter in the personnel file, attendance at a seminar on the topic causing the problem, loss of privileges such as parking space, etc.
    3. Least serious might just be a verbal reprimand without the “or else” attached to it.

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